Asthma Treatment: Drug Delivery

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Pharmacology of a Drug : 1.Source & chemistry 2.Absorption, Fate and Excretion 3.Pharmacological Actions and Effects 4.Preparation and Doses 5.Therapeutic Uses 6.Side Effects & Toxicity 7.Contraindications CLINICAL  PRESENTATIONS of  Bronchial Asthma 1.ACUTE   ATTACK 2.STATUS  ASTHMATICUS 3.IN  BETWEEN  THE  ATTACKS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY  OF BRONCHIAL  ASTHMA HOW TO TREAT BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ? [A]   BRONCHODILATORS [B]   ANTI-INFLAMMATORY [C]   PROPHYLACTIC [D] OTHER DRUGS [E]   PREVENTION [F]   Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies [G]   Possible Future Therapies [A]   BRONCHODILATORS 1. SYMPATHOMIMETICS ( Beta Agonists) 2.METHYLXANTHINES ( Theophyline ) 3.MUSCARINIC  ANTAGONISTS ( Ibratopium ) 1- SYMPATHOMIMETICS (Beta- Agonists) •INCREASE cAMP mucociliary function •DECREASE mediators microvascular  permeability 1) NON-SELECTIVE B-Agonist. EPINEPHRINE 2) SELECTIVE B- Agonist. SALBUTAMOL SALMETEROL -LONGER DURATION -COMPLETELY ABS. ORALLY -MORE SELECTIVE FOR B2 OF RESP. T. -DEVOID OF CVS EFFECTS -CH. BR. ASTHMA -ACUTE BR. ASTHMA (SALBUTAMOL INH.) 2- METHYLXANTHINES( Theophyline ) •MECHANISM 1.  ADENOSINE  R. (A1) BLOCK 2.  cAMP (phosphodiesterase inh.) 3.  ANTI-INFLAMMATORY & IMMUNOMODULATING  EFFCTS (By inhibiting PDE &T lymphocyte proliferation &cytokine production) •PH.  EFFECTS BRONCHODIL CNS    STIM. COP DIURESIS GASTRIC JUICE SK. M. POWER •USES BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ANALEPTIC FATIGUE •PH. KINETICS HEPATIC  METABOLISM GOOD INT.  ABSORPTION •ADVERSE  EFFECTS GASTRIC  IRRITATION ARRHYTHMIAS HYPOTENSION, SYNCOPE  & CARDIAC ARREST With rapid i.v. injection IRRITABILITY, INSOMNIA  & CONVULSIONS TACHYPNEA &  RESPIRATORY  ARREST WITH LARGE DOSE •INDICATIONS  &  DOSES ACUTE  ATTACK symptomatic relief slow iv loading dose infusion IN  BETWEEN    ATTACKS  &  CHRONIC ASTHMA
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