L1- Histology of Blood Cells

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Blood cells Blood composition Red blood corpuscles Role of liver and spleen in the formation and destruction of erythrocytes Hematopoiesis Introduction Blood is a fluid which is continuously circulating inside the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart, acting as a link between various cells and systems of the body Blood composition The blood consists of a fluid part representing 55% of its volume which is the plasma and cellular elements representing 45% The cellular elements are : A-The red blood cells B-White blood cells C-Platelets Red Blood Corpuscles Shape and size These are non-nucleated circular biconcave discs which are about 2.2 microns thick, 7.2 microns in diameter and about 90 cubic microns in volume. They contain the red respiratory pigment hemoglobin Structure of erythrocytes - The RBCs are surrounded with a plastic semipermeable membrane which is lipoprotein in nature. This allows the changes in size of the corpuscles and help them to be squeezed through the narrow capillaries -The most important constituent of the red blood corpuscles is hemoglobin. Its concentration inside RBCs is 34%. -The chief cation inside is potassium. -The corpuscles contain also carbonic anhydrase enzyme the which plays an important role in carbon dioxide transport Hemoglobin -It is made of four subunits. Each subunit is formed of heme and a polypeptide . -Heme is an iron protoporphyrin. The latter is formed of glycine and succinyl-Co A. -In each molecule of Hb there are four atoms of iron and two pairs of polypeptide called collectively globins. -Each gram of hemoglobin unites loosely with 1.33 ml oxygen. Hemoglobin molecule Normal Hemoglobin content -16 gm% in adult males -14 gm% in adult females -It is estimated by Sahli apparatus. Types of Hemoglobin -The Hb of normal adult is called Hb A. -Slight changes in its polypeptide chains produce abnormal types of Hb -The commonest abnormal Hb include: a-Hb A2 : It is harmless and r
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