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Fascism is an authoritarian political ideology (generally tied to a mass movement) that considers individual and other societal interests subordinate to the interests of the state. Fascists seek to forge a type of national unity, usually based on (but not limited to) ethnic, cultural, racial, religious attributes.

Various scholars attribute different characteristics to fascism, but the following elements are usually seen as its integral parts: nationalism, statism, militarism, totalitarianism, anti-communism, corporatism, populism, collectivism, and opposition to economic and political liberalism.

Some of the governments and parties most often considered to have been fascist include Fascist Italy under Mussolini, Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, Spain's Falange, Portugal's Estado Novo, Hungary's Arrow Cross Party and Romania's Iron Guard.

Some authors reject broad usage of the term or exclude certain of these parties and regimes. Following the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II, there have been few self-proclaimed fascist groups and individuals. In contemporary political discourse, fascist has become a slur, used by adherents of some ideologies to describe their opponents.

Fascism attracted political support from diverse sectors of the population.

In countries such as Romania and Hungary, fascism had a strong base of support among the working classes and extremely poor peasants.

Other supporters have included representatives of big business, farmers, landowners, disaffected World War I veterans, small business owners, nationalists, reactionaries and extreme conservatives.

Intellectuals who have supported fascism include: Giovanni Gentile (who ghostwrote the Doctrine of Fascism), Gabriele D'Annunzio, Curzio Malaparte, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Carl Schmitt and Martin Heidegger.

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